{"id":126822,"date":"2026-07-31T11:52:20","date_gmt":"2026-07-31T10:52:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jungian.directory\/fcxfougk\/?p=126822"},"modified":"2026-07-31T11:57:32","modified_gmt":"2026-07-31T10:57:32","slug":"mosaic-or-binary-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jungian.directory\/fcxfougk\/mosaic-or-binary-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Mosaic or Binary?"},"content":{"rendered":"

A public dispute has <\/span>unfolded within the pages of the <\/span>Journal of Analytical Psychology<\/em> over <\/span>how contemporary Jungian clinicians <\/span>should understand and work with <\/span>gender-expansive patients. What began <\/span>as a single paper by Robert Tyminski <\/span>has grown into a multi-part exchange <\/span>involving a critical response, a <\/span>rebuttal from an international <\/span>coalition of queer Jungians, and a <\/span>separate evidentiary analysis. It raises <\/span>broader questions about how the field <\/span>reconciles its foundational theories on <\/span>gender with evolving clinical and <\/span>social understanding.<\/span><\/p>\n

The debate stems from a November 2024 issue of the JAP, where Robert Tyminski published his paper Humanizing Different Archetypal Expressions of Gender Expansiveness<\/em><\/a>, proposing a dynamic model of gender that treats it as a “mosaic” to be explored collaboratively with patients rather than being fixed categories. Marchiano, Withers and Papert responded critically, arguing from a more concrete interpretation of Jung’s binary formulations that gender essentially divides into binary expressions that correspond to binary biological categories. They also express concern that Tyminski’s approach risked encouraging “self-diagnosis” and unexamined medical transition in a young patient referred to as Kerry. Both Tyminski’s original paper and Jay Barlow’s The Umbilical<\/a><\/em>\u00a0went on to receive the 2025 Fordham Prize.<\/p>\n

A response letter (which you can read in full below) from an international group of queer Jungians argues that Marchiano, Withers and Papert’s critique actually enacts the anxious reassertion of fixed categories in the face of gender’s inherent ambiguity that Tyminski describes in his paper. The group frames Tyminski’s non-directive stance as a model application of core Jungian values: tolerating not-knowing, resisting premature closure, and allowing individuation to unfold organically. They dispute the letter writers’ reliance on the UK’s Cass Review, characterising it as methodologically contested, and close by invoking Annie Boland’s warning against binary thinking.<\/p>\n

Karen Herdzik’s paper Re-Examining Thinking about Gender, Evidence and Outcomes<\/a><\/em> takes the dispute further by interrogating the evidentiary claims underlying Marchiano et al.’s position. She questions whether their reading of Jung is best described as traditional at all, arguing instead that it reflects an essentialist interpretation rooted in binary categories that overlooks Jung’s own emphasis on the tension between opposites as the generative core of the psyche. This reading finds support in Susan McKenzie’s earlier work in the JAP, which argued that anima\/animus theory need not be bound to binary oppositions of male\/masculine and female\/feminine, and that a more fluid, emergent understanding of gender is consistent with Jung’s own framework. Herdzik contrasts this with Marchiano et al.’s more static, biology-anchored model, and questions why their approach would require confining gender exploration to the symbolic rather than concrete realms. She argues that Marchiano et al. mischaracterise the Cass Review’s findings, particularly around desistance from cross-sex identification, noting that Cass’s actual discussion centers on social transition and a single cited study, not on outcomes tied to clinical affirmation. She points out that the Cass Review does not endorse enforcing binary gender norms, nor does it find that open, exploratory therapeutic engagement produces worse outcomes; if anything, it notes that gender-diverse youth often withhold information from providers they expect to be invalidating. Herdzik situates the review within a broader field of methodological criticism and contrasts it with WPATH’s longstanding clinical guidance, concluding that the evidence does not support the more restrictive framework Marchiano et al. propose.<\/p>\n

This is not the first time Marchiano’s position has drawn Jungian pushback. In a 2021 Psychological Perspectives<\/em> piece, Defacing Dionysus<\/em><\/a>, Nicholas S. Literski, who is among the signatories to the queer Jungian response, challenged her framing of transgender youth. He uses mythic and archetypal figures including Dionysus, Tiresias and Kwan Yin to evidence that gender nonconformity has a long-standing presence in world mythology.<\/p>\n

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Signatories<\/strong><\/p>\n

The response letter was signed by members of the International Queer Jungian Initiative: Guy Albert, Therese No\u00ebl Allen, Andrea Arocha, Jos\u00e9 Arroyo, Paul Attinello, Naomi Azriel, Michael Bala, Sophie Barnes, Bob Bongiovanni, Zabeth Burl, Aroldo de Lara Cardoso Jr., Marieke Cahill, Diane Camurat, Ames Carpenter, Marybeth Carter, Tali Catz, Sarah Cycon, Christine Downing, Nick Duggan, Kip Erev, Stephen Garratt, Carolina Gu\u00ed\u00f1ez, Karen Herdzik, Chema Jim\u00e9nez Orva\u00f1anos, Valeria Kierbel, Claire Kohne, Melissa Kohner, Claudette Kulkarni, Dominique Lambert-Blum, Nicholas S. Literski, Hanna Zygmunt Marti, Andy McCormack, Amelie M\u00f6hring-Geisler, Yannis Munro, Kathleen Murphy, Sophie Murphy, Mark Matthew Palmer, James Perrin, Gustavo Pessoa, Gareth Prosser, Caroline Rapp, Camila Ribeiro Castro Soares, Fran Ruggiero Alfaro, Samuele (Sam) Russo, Sara Sage, Kara Schamell, Matthew Silverstein, Laura N. Stockford, Aurora Stout, Ann Strack, Joanna Jaka Tarnawska, George Taxidis, Douglas Thomas, and Jennie Wiley.<\/p>\n

These exchanges illustrate a tension within contemporary analytical psychology that explores how to honor the field’s traditional theoretical vocabulary, while remaining responsive to clinical experience and a growing body of gender-diverse patients and practitioners. Readers interested in how contemporary Jungians are grappling with sex, gender and sexuality more broadly may also want to revisit our earlier coverage of Claudette Kulkarni’s “Jung’s Pointing Finger”<\/a>, which explores related questions within analytical psychology’s theoretical tradition.<\/p>\n

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Response to Marchiano, Withers and Papert in Response to Robert Tyminski’s Paper “Humanizing Different Archetypal Expressions of Gender Expansiveness”<\/strong><\/p>\n

Naomi Azriel, LMFT, C.G. Jung Institute of San Francisco<\/em><\/p>\n

We are an international group of queer Jungians, who meet monthly to study queer Jungian scholarship, to build fellowship and community, and to respond to developments within and without our field that threaten our beloved queer, trans and non-binary communities. We are comprised of Jungian analysts, candidates, routers, researchers, scholars, and students. Our members reside across the globe, primarily in Latin America, Europe, and the United States.<\/p>\n

We are writing with grave concern and dismay, in response to Marchiano, Withers and Papert’s response to Robert Tyminski’s paper published in the November 2024 issue of this Journal. We were heartened by the 2025 Fordham Prize being awarded to two papers that confer dignity and analytic curiosity to gender-expansive patients, both the paper in question and Jay Barlow’s paper “The Umbilical”, also published in the November 2024 issue of this Journal. We agree with the Journal’s Editorial Committee, who stated in their announcement of the 2025 Fordham Prize (Journal of Analytical Psychology Newsletter, Spring 2025, p. 5) that “both authors demonstrated openness and bravery by focusing on a contemporary issue that has direct relevance for clinical work. In doing so, they did not shy away from revealing their countertransference and their own insecurities. Their papers were found to be creative and original with thinking outside of conventional patterns and presumed certainties”. It is precisely this kind of thinking “outside of conventional patterns and presumed certainties” that we find adhering most closely to analytical psychology’s long cherished values of enduring states of ambiguity, not-knowing and the mercurial and organic nature of the psyche’s individuation process.<\/p>\n

Tyminski asks in his paper (2024, p. 811): “Why is gender a mercurial subject leading to polarization, performative displays, aggressive actions, protests, and an inability to listen?” His answer begins with this reflection: “I think this has something to do with a larger cultural phenomenon that has been well described within analytical psychology, namely, the humanizing of archetypal forms”. He continues: “For many, perhaps most of us, gender variations have a potential to surprise, amaze, distress, and shock. These feelings can lead to a backlash about what gender ‘really is’. This backlash is usually an attempt at soothing anxieties and panic over the upending of beliefs, social roles, and traditional labels. Seeking safety within bluntly drawn lines”.<\/p>\n

We find Marchiano, Withers and Papert’s letter in this Journal (2025, pp. 1-3) to ironically enact the kind of “backlash about what gender ‘really’ is” that Tyminski’s paper elegantly describes. As if reading from a script based on the collective defensiveness that he outlines, they criticize Tyminski’s “encouragement” of his patient’s “self-diagnosis” (referencing the patient’s self-identification as gender fluid) “without addressing the reality that Kerry is a biological male may lead to a lifetime of serious medical interventions with their attendant risks”. Our lived experiences as queer and trans individuals have led us to understand concerns about medical transition as an expression of fears about gender exploration upending “what gender really is,” thereby overriding the genuine care and interest demonstrated by Tyminski in his paper.<\/p>\n

To the contrary, we find Tyminski’s paper to brilliantly enact, as well as describe, the above-mentioned analytic values, as he describes his gentle work with his young patient. Embodying Bion’s exhortation that analysts must “listen without memory or desire”, Tyminski demonstrates an analytic attitude of curiosity and openness devoid of superego impingement on his patient’s process. He waits patiently, in silence, for his patient to lead the way in their many conversations about gender. He reflects his patient’s inner and outer experiences with sensitivity and care. His patient repeatedly acknowledges how meaningful it is for him to be met with this gentle, receptive attitude. Nowhere does the patient, nor Tyminski, mention any of the medical interventions that the letter writers express concerns about.<\/p>\n

In their letter, the authors state that Tyminski should have confronted his patient, rejected his tender self-exploration, and insisted on the “facts” and “reality” of his biological sex (which neither the patient nor Tyminski questioned). They argue that Tyminski should have told his patient that he could do “girl things” and still be a boy, rather than explore his patient’s emerging sense of himself in the open-ended way that he describes.<\/p>\n

We believe that when Tyminski, in his response, also appearing in this Journal (2025, p. 1), asserts that the authors “did not understand” his paper, he may not go far enough. We feel that the authors may have, in fact, understood that Tyminski, alongside Barlow and many other contemporary Jungians writing sensitively and with humility about gender expansiveness in the human psyche, are describing ethical contemporary Jungian approaches to honouring the individuation journey of gender expansive individuals. We find the letter writers’ response to advocate for a clinical approach to gender expansive patients that could constrain their psychic development and potentially inhibit, or even disrupt, their individuation process.<\/p>\n

It is no secret that trans and non-binary lives are under threat. During this time of politicization, polarization and persecution of trans individuals, we find that Jungians and the field of analytical psychology have a potentially unique role in offering psychic refuge for gender expansive psyches and bodies. It is within our consulting rooms and scholarly journals that such individuals should be able to find the kind of container that allows for individuation, self-discovery and robust identity formation. We believe that none of those would be possible within the clinical approaches that the letter writers advocate for. We believe that their arguments are anachronistic and will soon enough seem as outdated as psychoanalytic constructs pathologizing homosexuality. For example, the controversial UK Cass Report, which they cite, has been widely criticized for its methodological flaws and unsubstantiated claims.\u00b9<\/p>\n

We thank our colleague Robert Tyminski for showing us what grounded, thoughtful, honouring analytic work with gender variance can look like. And, we thank the Editorial Board of the Journal for recognizing his and Barlow’s unique contributions by awarding their papers the 2025 Fordham Prize.<\/p>\n

In her 2017 paper in this Journal, Jungian analyst Annie Boland reminds us that “Binaries are the black holes of knowledge. Nothing can ever get out and nothing new can get in to replace it. What to keep in mind here is the difference between being an identity and having an identity. The former serves as an artery for greater individuation”. We hope to humbly learn from and with our gender-expansive patients, colleagues and mentors how to not fall into such “black holes of knowledge”. We rather strive to protect and cherish trans lives and gender-expansive psyches and to meet them in a spirit of gentleness and humility, following Robert Tyminski’s example.<\/p>\n

Signed, Members of the International Queer Jungian Initiative<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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