When I was growing up in the Fifties, psychology and psychoanalysis were all the rage and fascinated me. That way of thinking had come over to America from Europe in flight from the rising fascism in Europe. It permeated literature, theater, art and film. In college I studied psychology, literature, philosophy, and cultural anthropology. I knew I wanted to be a psychoanalyst. I received my Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from Columbia University in 1962. I began to study at the New York University Post Doctoral Program in Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis. My primary supervisor was Erich Fromm, with whom I studied the language of dreams, and learned to work with patients from a deeply spiritual psychological perspective. In 1969 I was awarded a Diploma in Psychoanalysis from the New York University Post-Doctoral Program.